He has a respiratory infection that's left him completely uninterested in his grain-and-antibiotic mixture. She's a notoriously fussy eater who turns up her nose at a doctored dinner, no matter how well you've hidden the thyroid medication under the applesauce. Lacking the ability to convince a horse to take his medicine for his own good, every caretaker needs to be familiar with a safe, effective technique for giving oral medications via syringe. A practiced syringe-delivery technique will ensure that full doses are ingested with minimum fuss and that none of the medication winds up on the stall floor or your shirt.
With the help of a tasty "vehicle," just about any crushed pill or powder can be loaded into a syringe and given orally. Coated or other specially treated pills may need to be given whole, however, so ask your veterinarian if grinding them is acceptable.
For this technique, you'll need a two-ounce, catheter-tip "irrigation" syringe. Regular syringes and some deworming syringes have too narrow a tip for thick pastes to pass through. Catheter-tip syringes are available at surgical supply houses and also, most likely, from your veterinarian.
We've illustrated one veterinarian's preferred method, which works well for delivering dewormers and your own medication mixes. For taller horses and shorter medics, or vice versa, you may want to adapt the technique as necessary. Do not try to hold the horse's head still, but follow his movement until he accepts each phase of the procedure. If the horse is reasonably quiet, try draping the lead rope over his neck to free your hands. For more fractious horses, work in a stall and have a helper hold the lead loosely.
Step-by-Step Tools
If you plan to administer oral medications, here's what you'll want to have on hand:
- mortar and pestle
- two-ounce, catheter-tip "irrigation" syringe
- two-ounce shot glass with a rounded bottom
- some kind of "mixer," such as lemon yogurt, molasses, baby food, applesauce or corn syrup
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- You may need a mortar and pestle to grind up medications like bute.
- Photo by Christel Sexton
Preparation:
The best concoctions for delivering medications are thick and sweet: Molasses, applesauce, baby food, yogurt, even pudding can be used as tasty vehicles for not-so-palatable medications.
Whatever your mixture, make sure it is sticky enough not to dribble back out of your horse's mouth, but thin enough to push easily through a catheter-tip syringe.
Here are two serving suggestions. Ask your veterinarian which is more effective for the medication you plan to administer.
For medications that dissolve easily in water, such as most antibiotics, place the dose in a two-ounce shot glass. This is the perfect vessel, since a horse's mouth can hold only two ounces, and the rounded bottom of the shot glass makes mixing and loading easier. Add just enough water to cover the pills and wait for them to absorb the liquid. Mix a small amount of molasses with the softened pills and load your syringe before the mixture has time to separate.
For medications that don't dissolve readily, such as bute, you'll need a mortar and pestle, which can be found at most kitchen supply stores. Grind the pills to a fine powder, mix with an ounce or so of fat-free lemon yogurt, and load your syringe. Stickier than its low-fat cousin, fat-free yogurt is a great medium for medication, and the lemon flavor doesn't have syringe-clogging chunks of fruit.
Basic Technique
1. Face your horse, with his head at your left shoulder. Hold the loaded syringe in your right hand and "show" it to the horse, moving it alongside his face, parallel with his lips.
2. Wrap the four fingers of your left hand around the noseband of his halter, just behind the lower right cheek ring.
3. Slip your left thumb inside his cheek at the corner of his mouth and pull the cheek out slightly, being aware of where his teeth are in relation to your thumb. Your hand should form a loose fist around the halter and lip. The horse may raise his head and fidget as you take hold--keep your thumb in place patiently and firmly until he accepts it. Holding the cheek along with the halter steadies you both and encourages the horse to open his mouth, giving you a doorway for the dose.
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- The goal is to shoot as much of the preparation as possible toward the back of the tongue.
- Photo by Christel Sexton
4. With your right hand, slip the tip of the syringe into the left side of the horse's mouth, entering at the toothless bars. Angle the tip up and back, over the tongue, as far as you can reach without poking the roof of his mouth. Though most horses accept the syringe quickly, others repeatedly bob their heads or turn their noses sharply left or right. Follow the motion until there is a moment of stillness.
